One:Definition:The plasticity of clay (silicon oxide:plasticity,adhesive),quartz(intensity),a cosolvent feldspar(hardness ),limestone,kaolin(modifier ) etc.;different material properties after a reasonable ratio after the processing of raw materials and processing equipment,the formation of the mud particles,the powder after molding,drying,sintering of various products;

Second: Ingredients:

Embryo raw materials:inorganic non-metallic minerals, Kang initial processing of minerals or mineral products,such as clay,kaolin,limestone,etc.; Glazed materials:mostly mineral finishing product or chemical products, such as feldspar,quartz powder,lime powder,borax Auxiliary ingredients: sodium silicate , glycerin and other chemical products;

Two:Category:

By Use:wall tiles,interior floor tiles, square tiles, exterior wall tiles,outdoor tiles,swimming tiles, accessories brick;

By decorative craft of:glazed,unglazed tiles,polished tiles, antique tiles,ceramic mosaic tiles(mosaic);

By forming points:dry pressed bricks,extruded tiles(split brick);

Divided by technology:glazed tiles,polished tiles;

Four:Pottery and Porcelain difference:

Collectively,ceramic pottery and porcelain,all with clay as the main raw material,made ​​of mud,molding,drying,firing and other steps made ​​of ceramic are the basic chemical composition of the silicate , pottery and porcelain , but there are differences in performance:

The degree of sound absorption cross-section strength sintered

Tao:400-1000 degrees Tao : rough, dull pottery : Porcelain difference : More than 10% of porcelain : rugged

Porcelain : Porcelain above 1000 degrees : thin and shiny porcelain : hard and compact Tao : 3% - 5% Tao : crisp

Chemically , porcelain pottery is more stable than the better corrosion resistance, more sustainable conservation and use ;

Five: once-fired and glazed double firing points

That is called a firing into a kiln and glazed after embryo through a combination of high-temperature sintering ; its production process, high technical requirements , requirements for prime embryo is too high, burning a relatively short time, cost, compared with high , finished color small , low water absorption , higher grade ;

Second firing : The first burning hormone embryo , the second plus the glaze firing again ; defects : temperature control difficult ( impossible to exactly the same twice temperature , temperature difference ) crack resistance is poor, prone to collapse glaze, the glaze off

Six: tile process:

Sand, stone , clay and other raw materials == " into the mill ==" slurried == " homogenized slurry tank == " spray tower == "spray drying tower == " into the hopper ( to rot standby ) = = " forming == " dry == " conveyor ==" glaze line glazing == " stamp ==" kiln firing == " finished ==" grading == " package ==" storage

Seven: important terms ceramics

Water absorption: a term used to describe the water absorption of ceramic products , as a percentage of absorbent products under certain conditions to represent , it represents the degree of sintering embryo , the lower water absorption , which means that the density of the product as possible, in addition also have a greater impact on the product 's frost resistance ;

Radioactive : For building materials is a natural radioactive element radium-226 , thorium-232 , the ratio of potassium-40 , a measure on the human body , while meeting the exposure index is less than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to the outside according to index 1.3 , compared with use of product development ;

Surface smoothness : refers to the degree level tile surface with side bending, bending center , warping to measure ;

Mohs hardness: the hardness is a glazed glazed ability to withstand a hard object to appear scored without scratches ;

There are a variety of methods hardness of the ceramic industry and more Mohs hardness , ie by standard module scribing glazed glazed which level is scratched module, which is below the level of hardness ;

Mohs hardness level is divided into the following ten : 1 : Talc 2 : Gypsum 3 : Calcite 4 : Fluorite 5 : Apatite 6 : orthoclase 7 : Quartz 8 : cristobalite 9 : corundum 10 : Diamond ;

Eight: Tile detection methods :

Concept of color : the situation in the light to see if there is a better color, ( if there is a difference on a brick ) , scratches , cracks , lack of glaze ; good glaze should be fine, do not see more than the national standard of 3 meters were defective for Excellence in brick ;

Listening : If the sound is crisp , sweet then the high density brick , high sintering temperature ; If the sound is rugged , boring then the low- density brick , low sintering temperature ;

Serving weigh the severity of it or not : Usually antique brick ( 600 * 600 ) at 30-32 kg / box ;

Test the water : measuring water absorption ; spilled ink to the surface of the brick or tea , two minutes later to see if there are traces ;

Look dimensions : length, width , thickness and length of the four sides of each brick deviation of the average size and dimensions of the work , ( GB plus or minus 0.6 cm );

Frost resistance : temperature, thermal expansion and contraction ;

Flexural strength : slightly larger than the negative and will not withstand the pressure of rupture ;

Durable resistance : a long time without deformation, no cracks, no smoke pollution ;

Wear resistance: hardness Mohs hardness seven , imported glaze ; and glazes and hardness as the embryo ;

Cold and hot sex : not because of a sudden change in temperature and cracked ;

Nine: FAQ :

Hardness is enough ? ----- Using imported Italian press, press tonnage of 4,280 tons , after four times the pressure to make high brick density , relatively hard ;

How to determine good or bad brick ? ----- A look (with or without color ) two , listening ( sound crisp or not ) Third, the amount ( if the same diagonal ) four , Shop ( four bricks "field" shape, to see whether the formation )

The reason the color produced ? ----- ( Two bricks ) is not the same kiln firing, does not belong to the same color , so there is color ;

Advance orders == " stocking ==" guarantee the same color

Embryo causes the black particles ? ----- To increase the hardness of the brick , adding a small amount of fine grit and raw material alumina brick ;

Brick itself , " bow" , deformed ? ----- Glazed tiles glazed and consists of two parts consisting of the embryo , the embryo from a variety of materials sintering , and its relatively high water absorption ratio glazed , its expansion to large, and glazed main ingredient silica , no water absorption , expansion rate is almost zero, two things together, easy to take off when the temperature difference is large or when the water glaze, crack glaze, fried glaze, so designed as micro " bow "

Polished and matt tiles advantages and disadvantages ? ----- ( 1 ) matt tiles advantages: more color , more personalized , no smoke pollution , easy to clean, slip resistance ; matt tiles softer , warm ; ( 2 ) After a polished tiles in the production process step of making the inside of the pores open tile , quartz with volume expansion of 8.2% in the cooling process , the internal structure causes fine cracks , tiny cracks caused , which is readily polished sewage infiltration reason ;

Measures to prevent seepage pollution ? ----- : Waxing quality wax six months ; ordinary wax three months ;

Why matt tiles easy to clean ? ----- Surface layer of glaze ; glaze ingredients of silica, no seepage pollution ;

Why is the left seam antique brick paving ? ----- Support seamless tiling , but has not been trimming processing matt tiles , cement itself has a certain tension, and larger temperature difference between the north throughout the year , brick and cement have some swelling due to thermal expansion and contraction , so paving the requirements to keep the seam ;

Ten: calculate the area

Bathroom wall area : square root area * 4 * room high

Kitchen wall area : square root area * 3 * room high

General gate area : 1.5 square meters ; window area : 0.5 square meters